اقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق

7 May 2020

Quran ka Saat (7) Qiraat Me Nuzul

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Alhamdulillah..

۞ Pahli baat

Shuru me Quran majeed sirf ek hi harf (lahje) me nazil hua tha lekin Nabi ﷺ Jibraeel a.s. se zyada ka mutaalba karte rahe hatta ke unhone Nabi ko saat lahjo me jo ke kaafi wa shaafi hai Quran majeed padhaya aur is ki daleel yeh hai ke,

۩ Ibn Abbas r.a. bayan karte hai ke Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya,

'Jibreel a.s. ne mujhe Quran majeed ek lahja me padhaya toh maine un se zyada ka mutaalba kiya toh unhone zyada kar diya toh mai mutaalba karta raha aur woh zyada karte rahe hatta ke saat lahjo me ja kar khatam hua.'

Sahih al Bukhari, kitab fazail al Quran (66), hadees- 4991.

۞ Dusri baat:

Ahruf ka matlab kya hai?

Is ke matlab me sab se acha aur behtar qawl yeh hai ke qirat ke saat tareeqe jo lafzi taur par mukhtalif hai aur matlab me muttfiq aur agar un ke matlab me ikhtilaaf bhi ho toh woh ikhtilaaf tanawu aur taghayyur hai na ke ikhtilaaf ta'ariz aur tazaad.

[is article ka english version padhe]

۞ Teesri baat:

Baaz ulama ka kahna hai ke Ahruf ka matlab Arab ki lughat hai, lekin yeh matlab Umar bin khattab r.a. ki hadees ki buniyaad par sahih nahi, woh kahte hai ke,

'Mai ne Hishaam ibn hakeem r.a. ko surah al Furqaan apni qirat ke alawa kisi aur qiraat me padhte hue paaya aur Rasool ﷺ ne ye surat mujhe padhai thi, mai qareeb tha ke is par jaldbaazi karta lekin maine unhe waqt diya hatta ke unhone woh surah khatam karli, fir maine unhe unki chadar se pakda aur Nabi ke paas laaya aur kahne laga, Aye Allah ke Rasool maine inhe surah Furqaan is tarha padhte hue paaya jo ke Aap ne mujhe padhai thi ye uske khilaaf hai.

Toh Rasool ﷺ farmaane lage, Padho! Toh unhone usi tarha use padhi jis tarha maine unhe suna tha toh Nabi ﷺ farmaane lage, 'Isi tarha nazil hua hai, fir mujhe kahne lage ke tum padho toh maine bhi padhi aur Aap farmaane lage ke isi tarha nazil hua hai, Yaqeenan Quran majeed saat harfo (lahjo) me nazil kiya gaya hai. Toh tum jo bhi us me mayassar ho padho.

Sahih al bukhari, kitab al khusumaat (44), hadees- 2419.

Aur yeh malum hai ke Hishaam r.a. Quraish me se Asadi hai aur Umar r.a. Quraish me Aqawi ke sath talluk rakhte hai, aur dono hi Quraishi hai. Aur Quraish ki toh ek hi zubaan (lugat) hai, Toh agar huroof ka ikhtilaaf lughaat me ikhtilaaf hota to yeh dono Quraishi sahabi aapas me ikhtilaaf na karte.

Aur is mas'ala me ulama e karaam ne chalees (40) ke qareeb aqwaal naqal kiye hai, aur un me se raajeh qawl shayad wohi hai jo ke hamne zikr kiya hai. wa Allahu aalam.

۞ Chauthi baat

Hadees e Umar r.a. se yeh waazeh hota hai ke huroof mutaddid alfaaz me nazil hue hai is liye ke Umar r.a. ka inkaar huroof me tha nah ke matlab me, aur fir ye huroof me ikhtilaaf, ikhtilaaf Tazaad nahi balke ikhtilaaf tanawu hai jaisa ke Ibn Masood r.a. ka qawl hai ke,

'Ye isi tarha hai ke jis tarha aap yeh kahe ke- halumma, aqbil or ta’aal (ye teeno ka matlab ek hi hai jisse murad 'Yaha Aao' hai).

۞ Paanchwi baat

Ab rahi 'Qiraat al Saba' (saat qirat) ki tahdeed to yeh tahdeed Quran wa sunnat me se nahi ki gai balke Ibn Mujaahid r.h. ka apna ijtihad hai, toh log ye gumaan karne lage hai ke saat huroof se Qiraat e Saba hi murad hai is liye ke yeh tadaad me ek jaise hi hai.

Yeh adad ya toh ittafaqi taur par aur ya fir un se qasdan hai taa ke yeh tadaad Ahruf e saba se mutabqat ikhtiyaar kar le, aur baaz logo ka jo yeh gumaan hai ke Ahruf e Saba se murad yahi qirat e Saba hai toh yeh un ki galti hai, aur ahle ilm se yeh baat maroof nahi.

Balke qiraat Sabah, ahruf sabah me se ek harf hai aur yahi woh harf hai jis par Usman r.a. ne Musalmanoon ko jama kiya tha.

۞ Chati baat

Usman r.a. ne jab mushaf nuskh kiya toh use ek hi harf par tayyar kiya lekin unhone is par nuqte aur aarab (zer, zabar wagaira) na lagayi taake is rasam me wusat rahe aur dusre lahjaat (huroof) ka bhi ahtamaal rahe toh jo is me raha is ki qirat ban gai aur jo na tha us ko nuskh kar diya gaya, aur yeh kaam is liye hua ke qiraat me log ikhtilaaf karne lage toh Usmaan r.a. ne inhe ek nuskhe par jama kar diya taa ke ikhtilaaf khatam ho jaaye.

۞ Saatvi baat

Saat Qirat ke Qaari ye hai:

1. Naafi al-Madani

2. Ibn Katheer al-Makki

3. Aasim al-Kufi

4. Hamzah al-Zayaat al-Kufi

5. Al-Kisaa’i al-Kufi

6. Abu Amr ibn al- Ala al-Basri

7. Abdullah ibn Aamir al-Shaami.

In sab me se qirat ki sanad ke aetebaar se sabse mazbut Naafi aur Aasim hai. Aur in me se sabse faseeh Abu Amr aur al Kisaa’i hai.

Wallah taala aalam.

source: islamqa.info

Note: The article has been edited without changing the meaning from the primary source.

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۩ Quran ko likhne waala kaun tha aur ise kis taraf jama kiya gaya