Bahut se log hajj e badal me be-ahtiyati rawayye se kaam lete hai, jab ke hajj e badal ke liye khaas zawabit, sharait aur ahkamaat hai, jo ke niche diye gaye hai, Allah taala se ummeed hai ke in se faida hoga:
1۞ Hajjatul Islam (farz hajj) ki har lehaz se taaqat rakhne wale shakhs ki janib se hajj e badal nahi kiya ja sakta.
۩ Ibn Qudamah kahte hai:
“Is baat par ijma hai ke farz hajj ki taaqat rakhne waale shakhs ki taraf se koi dusra shakhs hajj nahi kar sakta, Ibn Munzir kahte hai, 'Ahle ilm ka is baat par ijma hai ke jis par Hajj farz ho aur woh uske ada karne ki taaqat bhi rakhta ho, toh uski taraf se kiye jaane wala hajj kifayat nahi karega.'” [alfaz khatm]
Al-Mughni, 3/185.
2۞ Hajj e badal aise mareez ki janib se kiya jayega jis ke shifayaab hone ki umeed na ho, ya badni taur par aajiz ho, ya mayyat ki taraf se hajj badal kiya jayega, kisi gareeb, ya siyasi aur amani taur par aajiz shakhs ki janib se hajj badal nahi kiya ja sakta.
۩ Imam Nawawi kahte hai:
“Jamhoor ulama e karaam is baat ke qayil hai ke hajj me mayyat, aur shifayaabi se mayoos aajiz ki janib se niyabat ki ja sakti hai, Qazi Iyaaz ne maliki fuqaha ki un ahadees jin me mayyat ki janib se roza rakhna aur hajj karne ka zikar milta hai, iski mukhalfat me unki janib se ek uzar pesh kiya hai ke ye riwayat muztarib (gair-sahih) hai, aur yeh uzar baatil hai, kyunke hadees me koi iztirab (harj) nahi, aur uske sahih hone ke liye Imam Muslim ka apni sahih me zikr karna hi kaafi hai.”
Sharh an-Nawawi ‘ala Muslim, 8/27.
Note: Niyabat ka matlab 'Hajj karne ke liye kisi dusre shaks ko muqarrar karna' [means, appointing proxy for performing Hajj]
Jis hadees ki janib Imam Nawawi ne ishara kiya hai ke baaz maliki ulama ne is par iztiraab ka hukm lagaya hai, woh hadees yeh hai,
۩ Abdullah bin Buraydah apne waalid se bayan karte hai ke ham RasoolAllah ﷺ ke paas baithe the ke ek khatoon ne aakar kaha, 'Maine apni walida ko ek londi sadqa me di thi, aur fir woh faut ho gai', toh Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, 'Tumhe tumhara ajar mil gaya hai, aur wirasat ki wajah se laundi tumhare paas fir wapis aagai hai.'
Us ne kaha, 'Allah ke Rasool! Meri walidah par ek mahine ke farz roze (rahne bache) the, toh kya mai yeh roze unki taraf se rakhu?
Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, 'Unki taraf se roze rakh lo.' Fir us ne kaha, 'Meri walidah ne kabhi bhi hajj nahi kiya, toh kya mai uski taraf se hajj kar sakti hu?'
Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, 'Uski taraf se hajj kar lo.
Sahih Muslim, hadees- 2697.
۩ Hafiz ibn Hajar r.h. kahte hai:
“Hajj me niyabat ke qayileen tamam ahle Ilm is baat par muttafiq hai ke kisi ki taraf se farz hajj nahi kiya ja sakta, siwaye faut shudgaan, ya faalij (paralysis) ke mareezo ke, chunancha un me woh mareez shaamil nahi ho sakte jin ke shifayaab hone ki ummeed hai, aur na hi majnoon (pagal), is liye ke use pagal-pan se thik hone ki ummeed hai, nah hi qaidi, is liye ke woh jail se bahar bhi aasakta hai, aur nah hi faqeer is liye ke woh bhi maaldaar ho sakta hai.” [alfaz khatm]
Fath ul-Baari, 4/70.
3۞ Maali taur par aajiz shakhs ki taraf se hajj badal nahi ho sakta, is liye ke gareeb aadmi par hajj farz nahi hai, jab ke hajj badal badani taur par aajiz shakhs ki taraf se kiya ja sakta hai.
۩ Daa'imah fatawa committee ke ulama se pucha gaya,
'Kya kisi ke liye jaiz hai ke woh Mecca se dur rahne wala apne kisi rishtedaar ki taraf se Umra ya Hajj kare? Aur uske paas Mecca aane ke liye wasail nahi hai, lekin badani taur par woh khud tawaaf wagaira kar sakta hai.
Toh unhone jawab diya,
“Aap ke sawal me zikr kiye hue rishtedaar par hajj us waqt tak wajib nahi jab tak woh maali taur par hajj ki taakat nahi rakhte ho, aur unki taraf se hajj ya umra karna jaiz nahi hai, is liye ke agar woh khud haram tak pahunch jaaye toh woh khud hi unki adayegi kar sakte hai, jab ke hajj o umra me niyabat mayyat ya jismani taur par aajiz shakhs ki taraf se hoti hai.” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/52.
4۞ Koi shakhs bhi us waqt tak kisi ki taraf se hajj nahi kar sakta jab tak us ne apni taraf se hajj na kar liya ho, aur agar us ne apna hajj karne se pahle kisi ki taraf se kiya toh woh usi ki taraf se hoga, kisi dusre ki taraf se nahi hoga.
۩ Daa'imah fatwa committee ke ulama ne kaha:
'Kisi insaan ke liye yeh jaiz nahi ke woh apni taraf se hajj karne se pehle kisi ki taraf se hajj kare, iski daleel Ibn abbas se marwi hai ke Nabi ﷺ ne ek aadmi ko kahte hue suna, 'Mai Shubrumah ki taraf se haazir hu.' Aap ne farmaya, 'kya tumne apni taraf se hajj kiya hai?' Us ne kaha: 'Nahi'! Aap ne farmaya: 'Pahle apni taraf se hajj karo, fir Shubrumah ki taraf se karna.' [alfaz khatm]
Sheikh abdul alaziz ban abdul allah ban baz. .. Sheikh abdul allah ban غدیان
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/50.
5۞ Ek khatoon kisi mard ki taraf se hajj kar sakti hai, jaise ke mard kisi khatoon ki taraf se hajj kar saktha hai.
۩ Daa'imah fatwa committee ke ulama ne kaha:
“Hajj me niyabat jaiz hai, bashart ke niyabat karne wale ne pahle apna hajj kar liya ho, aise hi us aurat ke liye bhi hajj zaruri hai jise ap raqam is liye de rahe hai ke woh ap ki walidah ki taraf se hajj kare, is liye ke aurat hajj me kisi dusri aurat ya mard ki taraf se niyabat kar sakti hai, Rasoolullahﷺ se is baare me dalail sabit hai,” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/52.
6۞ Kisi ke liye ye jaiz nahi ke ek hajj, do ya zyada afraad ki taraf se kare, Haa! Umra apne liye kar le ya kisi aur ke liye aur hajj kisi teesre shakhs ke liye kar sakte hai.
۩ Daa'imah committee ke ulama kehte hai:
“Hajj me mayyat ya aise zinda ki taraf se niyabat jaiz hai jo hajj karne ki taqat nahi rakhta, aur kisi ke liye yeh jaiz nahi ke woh ek hajj kar ke do shakhso ki janib se karde, is liye ke hajj sirf ek shakhs ki taraf se ho sakta hai, lekin agar hajj ek shakhs ki taraf se ho aur umra kisi aur ki taraf se kare toh yeh jaiz hai, bashart ye ke us ne apna hajj ya umra pahle se kiya hua ho.” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/58.
7۞ Kisi ke liye ye jaiz nahi ke hajj e badal ka maqsad maal lena ho, balke maqsad hajj aur muqaddas jagah par pahunch kar apne bhai ki taraf se hajj kar ke us par ahsaan karna ho.
۩ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al Uthaymeen kahte hai:
“Hajj me kisi ki taraf se niyabat karna sunnat e Rasool me maujud hai, is liye ke ek khatoon ne Aap ﷺ se pucha, aur kaha, 'Allah taala ki janib se apne bandon par fareeza hajj mere waalid par abhi baaki hai, aur woh sawari par baith nahi sakte toh kya mai unki taraf se hajj kar lu? Aap ne farmaya, 'Haan!'
Aur hajj me raqam ke badle me niyabat karne ke bare me yeh hai ke agar insan ka maqsad sirf raqam ka husool hai toh is ke bare me Ibn Taymiyyah kahte hain, 'Jis ne sirf is liye hajj kiya ke khane-peene ko mil jayega, toh is ke liye akhirat me kuch nahi hai aur jo is liye raqam leta hai taa ke hajj kar sake toh is me koi harj nahi, is liye niyabat karne ke liye raqam wusool karte hue niyat yeh ho ke yeh raqam uske liye hajj ke dauran madadgaar hogi, aur yeh bhi niyat kare ke jis ki taraf se hajj kar raha hai uski zarurat puri hogi, is liye ke jo hajj e badal karwa raha hai woh zarurat-mand hai, aur use khushi hoti hai jab use koi hajj e badal karne wala mil jata hai, is liye hajj badal karne wale ko hajj ki adaigi ke zariye ahsaan ki niyat karni chahiye.” [alfaz khatm]
Liqaa’aat al-Baab al-Maftooh, 89, sawal- 6.
8۞ Jab koi Musalman faut ho jaye aur hajj farz hone ki sharaet mukammal hone ke bawujood fareeza e hajj ada na kar sake, toh uski taraf se uske maal me se hajj karwana zaruri hai, chahe us ne hajj ki wasiyat ki ho ya na ki ho.
۩ Daa'imah committee ke ulema karaam kahte hai:
“Jab koi Musalman faut ho jaye aur wujoob e hajj ki sharaet mukammal hone ke bawujud fareezae hajj ada na kar sake, toh uski taraf se uske maal me se hajj karna zaruri hai, chahe usne hajj ki wasiyat ki ho ya na ki ho, chunanche agar uski taraf se koi aisa shakhs hajj kar deta hai jis ka hajj karna durust ho, aur us ne pahle apni taraf se hajj kiya hua ho toh mayyat ki taraf se uska hajj karna durust hoga, aur mayyat se farz ki adaigi ke liye kaafi hoga.” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/100.
9۞ Kya hajj e badal karne wale ko bhi utna hi sawab milega ke woh bhi aise hi wapas aayega jaise uski maa ne aaj hi use janam diya ho?
۩ Daa'imah committee ke ulama karaam kahte hai:
“Hajj badal karne wale ke bare me ye kahna ke use apna hajj karne ke barabar sawab mileyga, ya kam ya zyada toh yeh muamla Allah s.w.t. ke supurd hai.” [alfaz khatm]
Sheikh abdul alaziz ban basaz , sheikh abdul al razaq عفیفی, sheikh abdul allah ban غدیان, sheikh abdul allah ban منیع .
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/100.
“Jis shakhs ne ujrat leker ya bagair ujrat liye kisi ke liye hajj kiya toh uska sawab usi ko milega jis ki taraf se hajj ya umra kiya gaya hai, aur hajj ya umra badal karne wale ke liye bhi bahut hi azeem sawab ki umeed ki ja sakti hai, jo use uske ikhlaas aur niyat ke mutabik milega, aur jo koi bhi masjid al haram tak pohunch jaye aur waha kasrat se nawafil ada kare, aur deegar ibadaat bhi sar-anjaam de uske liye ikhlaas ki bunyaad par ajar azeem ki umeed ki ja sakti hai.” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa al-Lajn ah ad-Daa’imah, 11/77, 78.
۩ Imam ibn Hazam kahte hai:
Dawood kahte hai ke unhone kaha, 'Maine Saeed bin Musayyab ko kaha, 'Aye Abu Muhammad! Un dono me se kis ko sawab milega, hajj badal karne wale ko ya jis ki taraf se hajj kiya ja raha hai usko?' Toh Saeed n kaha, Be-shak Allah taala un dono ko dene ki wusat rakhta hai.'
Ibn Hazam (is par) kahte hai, Saeed r.h. ne sach kaha.
Al-Muhalla, 7/61.
Aamaal e Hajj se hat kar hajj badal karne wala jo koi bhi amal karega uska sawab uske karne wale ko milega, maslan, haram me namazo ki adaegi, quran majeed ki tilawat, wagaira sab ka sawab isi karne wale ko milega na ke jis ki taraf se hajj kiya ja raha hai.
۩ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al Uthaymeen kahte hai:
“Hajj se jude amal ka tamaam sawab usi ko milega jis ne use hajj me apna wakeel bana kar bheja hai, Jab ke uske alawa namazo ka izafi ajar aur nawafil tawaf aur qirat e quran ka sawab usi ko milega jo hajj kar raha hai.” [alfaz khatm]
Ad-Diya’ al-Laami‘ min al-Khutab al-Jawaami‘, 2/476.
10۞ Mustahab ye hai ke aulaad apne walidain ki taraf se Hajj kare, aur kareebi rishtedaar apne azeez ke liye, lekin agar fir bhi koi kisi ko ujrat de kar hajj ke liye bhej deta hai toh ye bhi jaiz hai.
۩ Shaykh Abd al-Azeez ibn Baaz se pucha gaya:
'Mai chhota sa tha us waqt meri walida faut ho gayi thi, toh maine ek ba-aetmaad shakhs ko unki janib se hajj karne ke liye ujrat de kar bhej diya tha, mere walid bhi faut ho chuke hai, aur maine apne kuch rishtedaro se suna hai ke unhone hajj kiya tha.
Toh kya mere liye jaiz hai ke mai kisi ko apni walida ki taraf se hajj karne ke liye bhej du, ya mujhe khud hi unki taraf se hajj karna hoga? Aise hi kya mai apne walidain ki taraf se hajj karu, aur maine suna hai ke unhone pahle hajj kiya tha?
“Agar tum khud ja kar hajj karo aur sharai taur par mukammal manasik ko ahtemaam ke sath ada karo to ye waqai afzal hai, aur agar kisi baa-aetemad shakhs ko ap ujrat dekar unki taraf se hajj karwa dete hai toh koi harj nahi.
Afzal yahi hai ke Aap unki taraf se hajj aur Umra dono kare, aise hi ap jisko bhej rahe hai woh unki janib se hajj aur Umra kare, yeh apki taraf se apne waledain ke liye neki aur ahsaan hoga, Allah taala ap se aur ham se tamam nekiya qubool farmaye.” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa ash-Shaykh Ibn Baaz, 16/408.
11۞ Kisi ki taraf se Hajj karne ki yeh shart nahi hai ke hajj karne wale ko uske naam ka ilm ho, balke sirf uski taraf se niyat hi kaafi hai.
۩ Daa'imah committee ke Ulama se pucha gaya:
Mere aziz o iqarab me taqreeban chaar afraad hai, chacha aur dada, un me khawateen aur mard dono shamil hai, jin me se kuch ke naamo ka mujhe nahi pata, aur me chahta hu ke unki taraf se hajj badal ke liye kuch logo ko apne zaati kharche par bhej du, toh mai kya karu?
Toh unhone jawab diya:
“Agar surat e haal aise hi hai jaise ap ne zikr ki toh jin khawateen o hazraat ke naam ap jante ho un ke bare me toh koi ashkaal nahi, aur jin mard o khawateen ke naamo ka apko ilm nahi ap unki umar, aur awsaf ko maddhe nazar rakhte hue unki taraf se niyat kar satke hai, hajj badal ke liye sirf niyat hi kaafi hai, chahe apko unke naamon ka ilm nah bhi ho.” [alfaz khatm]
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/172.
12۞ Jis shakhs ne kisi ko apni taraf se hajj ke liye zimmedaar banaya toh usse aage kisi aur shakhs ko zimmedaar banane ki ijazat nahi hai illa ke zimmedaar banane wale ki razamandi haasil ho jaye.
۩ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen kahte hai:
“Kisi bhi niyabi hajj karne wale ke liye yeh jaiz nahi ke woh kisi aur ko wakeel banaye chahe thodi ya zyada raqam de yaha tak ke zimmedaar banane wale ki taraf se ijazat haasil kar le.” [alfaz khatm]
Ad-Diyaa’ al-Laami‘ min al-Khutab al-Jawaami, 2/478.
13۞ Kya nawafil hajj ke liye niyabat ho sakti hai?
Ulema e karaam ka is bare me ikhtilaf hai, chunanche ibn Uthaymeen ne is baat ko ikhtiyar kiya hai ke niyabat sirf aur sirf farz hajj hi me ho sakti hai.
Shaykh kahte hai:
“Agar aadmi ne farz ada kar liya hai aur uska iradah bane ke kisi ko apni taraf se nawafil hajj ya Umra karne ke liye bheje, toh is bare me ulama e karaam ka ikhtilaf hai, kuch ulama ne ise jayez qaraar diya hai aur kuch ne mana qarar diya, mere nazdeek behtar yeh hai ke yeh mana hi hai, is liye kisi ke liye ye jaiz nahi ke woh kisi ko apni taraf se nawafil hajj ya Umra karne ke liye zimmedaar banaye, is liye ibadat me asal yeh hai ke insan khud yeh ibadat kare, ye aise hi hai jaise koi apni taraf se roze rakhne ke liye zimmedaar muqarrar nahi kar sakta. Ha agar koi faut ho jaye aur us par farz roze baaki ho toh uski taraf se wali roze rakhega. Isi tarha hajj hai, aur hajj ek aisi ibadat hai jo insan khud apne badan se karta hai, yeh koi maali ibadat nahi hai jis me asal hadaf mohtaaj shakhs hota hai, aur jab ibadat badni ho ke insaan khud use ada kare toh koi bhi dusra shakhs uski taraf se ada nahi kar sakta, ma siwaye un ibadaat ke jin ke bare me sunnat me bayan kar diya gaya, jab ke nawafil hajj ke bare me koi aisi daleel maujud nahi jis me kisi ki taraf se nawafil hajj karne ki ijazat di gayi ho, yahi mauquf Imam Ahmad se manqool do riwayat me se ek hai, meri murad ke insaan kisi ko nawafil hajj ya umra me apni taraf se zimmedar nahi bana sakta chahe woh khud qadir ho ya na ho.”
Aur jab ham is qawl par qayem rahenge toh is se sahib e haisiyat aur jismani taaqat rakhne wale logo ko raghbat milegi ke woh khud apni taraf se hajj kare, isi liye kuch log kayi salo tak Mecca nahi jate sirf is baat par aetemaad karte hue ke ham to har saal apni taraf se hajj e badal karwa dete hai, toh is se har saal hajj rah jata hai ke is ne apni taraf se hajj ke liye wakeel bana diya hai. [alfaz khatm]
Fatawa Islamia, 2/192,193.
14۞ Hajj e badal ke liye qabil aetemaad, sachhe aur ameen logo ko talaash kiya jaye, jinhe manasik e hajj ka ilm bhi ho.
Daa'imah committee ke ulema e karaam kahte hai:
“Jo shakhs kisi ko apna nayeb (proxy) muqarrar karna chahta hai, use chahiye ke deendaar, ameen logo ko talaash kare aur unhi ko apna nayeb muqarrar kare, taa ke wajbaat ki adaegi ke hawale se uska dil mutmaeen rahe.”
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah, 11/53.
Aur Allah sabse behtar janta hai.
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