Fajr Se Pahle Ki Azaan

Kuch logo ka kahna hai ki Fajr se pahle ki Azan ya Tahajjud ki Azaan ki asal koi haqiqat nahi aur ye biddat hai. Par ye raaye sahih nahi hai kyuki hame hadees ki kitabo me wazahat se is Azaan ka subut milta hai. Aiye is Azaan ki Daleel dekhte hai

Abdullah bin Masud r.a. riwayat karte hai ki unhone Nabi ﷺ se ke Aap ﷺ ne farmaya ke Bilal ki Azaan tumhe sehri khane se na rokde kyunki woh raat rahe se azaan dete hain taake tum maise jo log aakhri raat ki namaz (Tahajjud) padh rahe hai woh jaldi kar le aur jo abhi soye hue hai woh jaag  jaye. (Is Azaan ka matlab) Koi yeh nah samajh baithe ke Fajar ya subah Sadiq ho gayi aur aap ne apni unglio ke isharay se (tulu e subah ki kaifiyat) batayi. Unglio ko upar ki taraf uthaya aur fir aahista se inhen neechay laaye aur fir farmaya ke is tarhan ( Fajar hoti hai ). 
Rawi kahte hai ki Aap ﷺ ne ungliya ek dusre par rakhi, fir inhe daayi baayi janib faila diya.

Sahih al-Bukhari, hadith- 621.

Ayesha r.a. riwayat karti hai ki RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya, "Bilal r.a. raat ko azaan dete hai toh khaya-piya karo jab tak ke Ibn Umm Maktum Azaan na dede."

Sahih al-Bukhari, hadith- 622.

Ibn Umar r.a. riwayat karte hai ki RasoolAllah ke do (2) Muazzin the, Bilal aur Umm Maktum ka beta jo nabina (blind) the.

RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya, "Bilal r.a. raat ko azaan dete hai toh khaya-piya karo jab tak ke Ibn Umm Maktum Azaan na dede."

Raawi kahte hai: Un dono ke Azaan ka waqfa bas itna hi hota tha ki ek Azaan dekar niche utarta aur dusra Azaan ke liye upar chadh jaata.

Sahih Muslim: hadith-1092.

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Azaan aur Iqamat Ke Masael

۩ Har namaz ke waqt azan deni chahiye. Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Jab namaz ka waqt aaye to tum mein se koi ek azan kaho. Aur tum mein se bada imaamat karaye.’

Sahih al Bukhair: al Azan, hadith- 628. Sahih Muslim: al Masaajid, hadith- 674.

۩ Bilal r.a. Azan kahte hue kano’n mein ungliya’n daalte the.

Sahih al Bukhair: al Azan, hadith- 198.

۩ Bilal r.a. Haiyya A’alas Salah kahte hue mu’n apna chehra daey’n  (T: towards right side)  ferte the aur Haiyya A’alal Falah kahte waqt baey’n  (T: towards left side) ferte the.

Sahih al Bukhari: al Azan 634. Sahih Muslim: al Salah, hadith- 503. 

۩ Usman bin Abil A’aas r.a. ki riwayat hai ke Nabi e Akram ﷺ ne inko inki kaum ka Imam muqarrar kiya aur farmaya: ‘Muazzin wo muqarrar kar jo azan par mazdoori na le.’

Sunan Abu Dawood: al Salah, hadith- 531. Jamia Tirmizi: al Salah, hadith- 209. Ise Imam Haakim Vol-1 P-199 & 201 aur Imam Zahabi ne Saheeh kaha.

۩ Muazzin wo muqarrar karna chahiye jo buland awaaz wala ho. Abdullah bin Zaid r.a. kahte hain ke Rasool Allah ﷺ ne inhei’n farmaya:  Bilal ko azan sikhao kyou’nke uska awaz tumse buland hai.

Sunan Abu Dawood: hadith- 499. Jamia Tirmizi: hadith-189.

‐ Ek Sahaabiya r.a. farmati hain ke masjid ke kareeb tamam gharo’n se mera makan uncha tha aur Bilal r.a. is (makan) par (khade hokar) Fajr ki azan dete the.

Sunan Abu Dawood: as Salah, hadith- 519. Imam Ibn e Hajar ne Hasan kaha

۩ Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As: r.a. riwayat karte haink ke Rasool Allah ﷺ ne ek admi ko farmaya: ‘Jaise muazzin kahta hai tum bhi isi tarha jawab do fir jab tum jawab se faarig ho jaao to (dua) maango aur wo tumhe diya jaaega.’

Sunan Abu Dawood: as Salah, hadith- 524. Ise Imam ibn e Hibban ne Saheeh kaha.

۩ Beemariyo’n aur wabaa ke mauqe par log ghar ghar azanei’n dete hain ye sunnat se saabit nahi. Kyou’nke is silsile mein pesh ki jaane wali tamam riwayat usool e Muhaddiseen par thik nahi hai.

۩ Assalatu Khairum Minan Naum ke alfaz siwae Fajr ke kisi aur azan mein nahi kahne chahiye.

۩ Iqaamat, Azan ke fauran ba’ad nahi honi chahiye, kyou’nke Nabi e Rahmat ﷺ ne farmaya ke ‘Azan aur Takbeer (Iqamat) ke darmiyan nawafil namaz hai. Aap ne 3 baar ye kalimat kahe fir farmaya: Jiska dil chaahe (namaz padhe).’  

Sahih al Bukhari: al Azan 623. Sahih Muslim: Salatul Musafireen, hadith- 838.

۩ Subha saadiq hone se kuch der pahle bhi ek Azan hai. Nabi e Rahmat ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Tumhei’n Bilal ki Azan sehri khane se na roke kyou’nke wo raat ko azan dete hain taake tahajjud padhne wala laut aaye aur sone wala khabardar ho jaae.’  

Sahih al Bukhari: al Azan, hadith- 621.  Sahih Muslim: as Siyaam, hadith- 1093.

۩ Is Azan aur namaz e Fajr ki azan mein itna waqfa nahi hota tha jitna ke aajkal kiya jata hai. Abdullah bin Umar r.a. farmate hai: "Dono’n Muazzino’n ke darmiyan sirf is kadr waqfa hota tha ke ek azan dekar utarta aur dusra Azan ke liye chadh jaata.

Sahih Muslim: hadith-1092.

۩ Nabi e Rahmat ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Jab Iqamat ho jaye to farz namaz ke alawa koi namaz nahi hoti.’ 

Sahih Muslim: Salatul Musafireen, hadith-710.

۩ Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: Jab Iqamat kahi jaaye to saf mein shamil hone ke liye na bhago balke Aaram se chalte hue aao, jo namaz tum (Imam ke sath) paalo wo padhlo aur jo rah jaye ise baad mein pura karlo.

Sahih al Bukhari: al Azan, hadith- 636. Sahih Muslim, hadith-602.

۩ Hameed riwayat karte hain ke maine Saabit Banaani se poocha: Kya namaz ki iqamat ho jane ke baad Imam batei’n kar sakta hai? To inho’n ne mujhe Anas bin Malik r.a. ki hadees bayan ki ke ek martaba namaz ki iqamat ho chuki thi, itne me ek shaqs aaya aur Nabi e Rahmat ﷺ se baatei’n karta raha.

Sahih al Bukhari: al Azan, hadith- 643. Sahih Muslim, hadith-376. 

۩ Ek dafa namaz ki iqamat hogai, logo’n ne safei’n baraabar kar lei’n, itne mein RasoolAllah ﷺ ko yaad aaya ke aap Jumbi hain, Aap ne logo’n se kaha, apni jagah khade raho. Fir Aap ne (ghar jaakar) ghusl farmaya aur jab Aap wapas tashreef laaye to Aapke sar se paani tapak raha tha, fir Aapne namaz padhi.

Sahih al Bukhari: al Azan, hadith- 640. Sahih Muslim: al Masaajid, hadith- 605.

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Related: Farz Namaz Ki Iqamat Ke Waqt Muqtadi Ko Kab Khada Hona Chahiye

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Kya Ulti (vomit) Aane Se Roza Tut Jata Hai

hi    

Bunyadi usool ye hai ki Agar kisi shaks ne jaan bujh kar ulti (kay) kari to uska roza tut jayega aur us par is din ki qaza me roza rakhna lazim hai. Lekin agar ulti us par galib aa jati hai aur uske ikhtiyar ke bagair (anjane me) ho gai toh uska roza sahih hai aur us par koi kaffara nahi hoga. Iski Daleel ye hai:

۞ Kisi bhi wajah se jaan-bujh kar ulti karna:

Isme ye chize shamil hai: Jaanbujh kar apni ungli ko apne muh me daal kar, ya apne pet ko daba kar, ya jaan-buj kar gandi mahek sungh kar, ya ulti laane wali chiz jo lagataar dekhte rahne se ulti kari. Toh uska roza tut gaya aur us par iski qaza lazim hai.

Ma'dan bin Talhah riwayat karte hai ki Abu Darda r.a. ne mujh se kaha ki RasoolAllah ﷺ ko ulti ayi aur unhone roza tod diya.

Sunan Abu Dawud, hadith-2381. Jamia Tirmizi, hadith-87.  Classed as Hasan by Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai (Tirmizi) and Sahih by Shaykh Albani (Abu Dawud).

Note: Is baat par Ijma bhi hai.

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۞ Khud Ke Ikhtiyar ke bagair (anjaane me) ulti aana

Iske mutallik hame RasoolAllah se to koi hadith nahi milti lekin hame Sahih al Bukhari me  Abu Huraira r.a. ka Qawl milta hai:

Imam Bukhari r.h. farmate hai, 

وَقَالَ لِي يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلاَّمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ إِذَا قَاءَ فَلاَ يُفْطِرُ، إِنَّمَا يُخْرِجُ وَلاَ يُولِجُ‏.‏ وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ يُفْطِرُ‏.‏ وَالأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ‏.

"Abu Hurairah r.a. ne farmaya ke jab koi ulti kare to is ka roza nahi tut ta kyunki usme bahar nikalta hai kuch dakil nahi hota. Abu Huraira hi se manqul hai ke is ka roza jata rahta hai (yaani tut jata hai). Lekin pahli baat (yani roza nahi tut ta) hi sahih hai."

Sahih al Bukhari, Kitab al Saum, Under Chapter: Cupping and vomiting in Saum (fast), Baab no: 32.

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Sunan Abu Dawud (hadith-2380) aur Sunan Tirmizi (720) me Abu Huraira r.a. se ek riwayat milti hai ki wo kahte hai ki RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya ki Jisko khud-bakhud ulti ajaye to us par qaza nahi lekin Agar jo jaanbuj kar ulti kare to wo roza qaza kare.

Lekin ye hadith zaif hai kyuki is hadith ka ek raawi 'Hishaam bin Hassaan' Mudallis hai aur wo 'An' se riwayat kar raha hai, aur sama ki tashree maujud nahi hai. Aur Muhaddiso ka ye bunyadi usool hai ki Mudallis ki 'An' wali riwayat zaif hoti hai jab tak ke sama ki tashree na ho jaye. Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai ne bhi is riwayat ko Zaif karar diya hai.

Aur Allah sabse behtar janta hai.

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Jaha Din Ya Raat Bahot Lambi Ho Waha Namaz Ke Auqat

Nawwas bin Sama’an r.a. se riwayat hai ke Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Dajjal 40 din zameen par rahega is ka ek din 1 saal ke baraabar,1 din Maheena ke baraabar, 1 din 1 hafta ke baraabar aur baaki din aam dino’n ki tarha honge.

Sahaba r.a. ne arz kiya jo din 1 saal ke barabar hoga to kya us din 1 din ki namaz adaa karni hogi?

Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: Nahi, balke tum andaze se namaze adaa karna.’ 

 Sahih Muslim: al Fitan, hadith- 2937. 

Maloom hua ke jin maqaamat par lambi muddat tak kabhi lagataar din aur kabhi lagataar raat hi rahti hai nez 24 ghante mein waha’n zawal aur ghuroob ka koi nizam na ho inhei’n 5 waqt ki namazei’n andaze se adaa karni hongi.

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Qaza Namaz Ke Ahkaam

۩ Anas r.a. riwayat karte hain ke RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Jo shaqs namaz bhool jaye (ya so jaye) toh us ka kaffara iske siwa koi nahi ke jis waqt use yaad aaye us namaz ko padh le.’ 

Sahih al Bukhari: hadith- 597. Sahih Muslim: al Masaajid, hadith- 684.

Is hadith ki Tafseer me Muhaddis Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai farmate hai:

"Is hadith se ye malum hua ki agar koi shaks namaz padhni bhul jaye aur us namaz ka waqt guzar jaye to jis waqt yaad aaye, wo us waqt apni namaz padh le aur isi tarha agar koi shaks so jaye aur namaz ka waqt guzar jaye, maslan: Subah aankh hi aesi waqt khule ke suraj tulu ho chuka ho toh jaagne wale ko usi waqt puri namaz (farz aur sunnat) padh leni hai chahiye aur us par kisi kism ka kaffara nahi hai. Qaza e Umri waale masle ki shariat me koi asal nahi, lihaza ye biddat hai."

Namaz e Nabawi by Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai, Page-132.

۩ Abdullah bin Abi Qatada r.a. riwayat karte hai ki mere walid ne kaha ke Ek raat ham Nabi ﷺ ke sath safar kar rahe the. Kisi ne kaha ke Huzoor! Aap (agar) ab padao daal dete to behtar hota. Aap ﷺ ne farmaya ke mujhe dar hai ke kahi namaz ke waqt bhi tum sote na rah jao. Is par Bilal r.a. bole ke Mai ap sab logon ko jaga dunga. Chunanche sab log layt gaye. Aur Bilal r.a. ne bhi apni peeth kajaweh (Rahila) se laga li aur unki bhi aankh lag gayi aur jab Nabi ﷺ bedar hue to Suraj ka upar ka hissa nikal chuka tha. Aap ﷺ ne farmaya, Bilal! Tum ne kya kaha tha? Woh bole aaj jaisi neend mujhe kabhi nahi aayi. Fir Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya ke Allah taala tumhare rooh ko jab chahta hai kabz kar leta hai aur jis waqt chahta hai wapas kar deta hai. Aye Bilal! Utho aur azaan do ! Fir Aap ﷺ ne wuzu kiya aur 2 rakate (sunnat) padhi aur jab Suraj buland ho kar roshan ho gaya toh Aap ﷺ  khade hue aur namaz padhai aur farmaya ki Jo shaqs namaz bhool jaye toh use jab yaad aaye to namaz padh le.’

Sahih al Bukhari: hadith- 595. Sahih Muslim: al Masaajid, hadith- 680. [above hadith is combination of boht hadith of Bukhari and Muslim]

Nabi e Rahmat ﷺ ke amal se bilkul wazeh hai ke neend se bedar hone par fauran namaz adaa ki jaaye. Lehaza qaza namaz ki adaaigi ke liye iske baad wali namaz ke waqt ka intezar nahi karna chahiye balki fauran ada kar leni chahiye.

Namazei’n Majbooran Faut Ho Jaaei’n To Kaise Padhei’n?

۩ Jabir bin Abdullah r.a. se riwayat hai ke ghazwa e khandak ke din Umar r.a. guroob e aftaab ke baad Quraish ko bura bhala kahte hue aaye aur arz ki aye Allah ke Rasool ﷺ maine Asr adaa nahi ki hatta ke suraj ghuroob ho chuka hai. 

Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: Wallah ! Maine bhi namaz e Asr adaa nahi ki. Fir ham sab Muqaam e Bathaan me aaye, ham ne wuzu kiya aur guroob e aftab ke baad pahle namaze e A’asr padhi fir namaz e Magrib adaa ki.’

Sahih Muslim, hadith- 631. 

Maloom hua ke namazo’n ki tarteeb qayam rakhni chahiye.

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Related: Qaza e Umri

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Asr Ki Namaz Ka Waqt

Shuru ka waqt: Jab har cheez ka saya uske barabar ho jaye aur (plus) zawaal ke waqt ke saye ke barabar ho. [Sunan Tirmizi: Kitab As Salah, Hadith- 149. Ise Imam Tirmizi aur Imam Ibn E Khuzaima Ne Saheeh Kaha Hai.] [Note]

Khatm waqt: Jab suraj pura doob jaye [Bukhari, hadith no. 531].

Note: Sunan Abu Dawud ki hadith me toh sirf ek misl saya ka zikr hai lekin ahle Ilmo ka ye kahna hai ki isse muraad zawal ke waqt ka saya aur ek misl saya hai. Ye raaye hai Imam Shafi, Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal, Imam Malik aur Imam Abu Hanifa ke 2 shagird jinka naam hai: Qazi Abu Yusuf aur Muhammad ibn al-Hasan.

Hamare yaha kuch logo ka ye kahna hai ki Asr ka shuru ka waqt 1 misl nahi balki 2 misl hai. Ye baat sahih hadith ke khilaf hai kyuki Sunan Tirmizi (hadith-149) me hai ki RasoolAllah ﷺ ne Asr awwal waqt me padhi aur wo waqt tab tha jab ek misl saya tha na ki do misl saya.

۩ Rafi bin Khadij r.a. riwayat karte hai: "Ham RasoolAllah ﷺ ke sath Asr ki namaz padhte the aur apne oont (camel) ko zabah karte the jiske ham 10 hisse karte the. Ham usko paka kar khate aur fir bhi suraj gurub na hota tha."

Sahih al-Bukhari, book of partnership, hadith- 2485.

Agar ap kisi kasaai (butcher) se puche ki Ek oont ko zabah kar ke 10 hisse karne me kitna waqt lagta hai to wo apko kahega ki Do (2) ya Dhai (2:30) ghante ke aas paas lag jate hai, kyuki itne bade oont ki sirf khaal utaarne me hi kaafi waqt lag jata hai. Aur fir usko paka kar khane me to aur zyada waqt lagega.

Isse bhi ye baat pata chala ki jo kuch logo ka kahna hai ki 2 misl ke saaye ke baad Asr ka waqt shuru hota ya jis tarha se Hanafi masjid me Asr ki Namaz ki Jamaat hoti hai wo galti par hai kyuki uske baad itna waqt nahi hota ki 1 oonth ko zabah karke uska 10 hisse kiya jaye fir use paka kar khaya jaye aur fir bhi suraj gurub na ho.

۩ Anas bin Malik r.a. kahte hain: ‘RasoolAllah ﷺ namaz e Asr padhte the aur aftaab bulad (zardi ke baghair raushan) hota tha, agar koi shaks namaz e Asr ke ba’ad Madeena shahar se ‘A’awaali’ (Madeena ki ek kareebi basti)  (T: Village close to Madeena)  jaata to jab iske paas paho’nchta to suraj abhi buland hota. Ba’az A’awaali Madeena se 4 kos ke faasle par maujud hai.’

[4 kos (4 miles) = 6.43 km (approx)]

Sahih al Bukhari, hadith- 550. Sahih Muslim: al Masaajid, hadith- 621.

۩ Anas r.a. riwayat karte hain ke RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Munaafiq ki namaz e Asr ye hai ke wo baitha aftaab (ke zard hone) ka intezaar karta rahta hai. Yahaa’n tak ke jab wo zard ho jata hai aur shaitaan ke do seengho’n ke darmiyan ho jata hai. To wo namaz ke liye khada ho jata hai aur 4 thongei’n maarta hai aur is mein Allah ko nahi yaad karta magar thoda.’

Sahih Muslim: al Masajid, hadith- 622.

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Isha Ki Namaz Ka Waqt

Shuru ka waqt: Jab Surkhi (twilight) gayab ho jaye.

Khatm waqt: Fajr ka waqt shuru hone ke pahle.

Afzal waqt: Adhi raat se thik pahle.

Abdullah bin Umar r.a. se riwayat hai k ek raat ham namaz e Isha ke liye Rasool Allah ﷺ ka  intezar karte rahe. Jab raat ka tehaai hissa guzar gaya ya uske bhi baad toh Aap tashreef laaye aur farmaya: ‘Agar meri Ummat par gira’n (bhari) na hota to mai is waqt Isha ki namaz padhata, fir muazzan ne takbeer kahi aur Aap ne (Isha ki) namaz padhai.’ 

Sahih Muslim: al Masaajid, hadith- 639.

Saabit r.a. riwayat karte hai ki unlog (sahaba e karaam) ne Anas r.a. se RasoolAllah ﷺ ki anguthi (ring) ke bareme pucha toh Anas r.a. kahte hai ki ek baar Nabi ﷺ ne Isha ki namaz me deri kar di hatta ki aadhi raat aa pohchi ya aadhi raat bhi khatm hone wali thi. Aap ﷺ iske baad namaz ada karke hamse mukhatib hue aur kaha "Log namaz padhkar so chuke honge lekin Tum tab tak namaz me hote ho jab tak namaz ka intzar karte ho." (Iske baad) Anas r.a. kahte hai, "Jaise mai (ab bhi) Aap ki chandi se bani anguthi ki chamak dekh raha hu aur unhone baaye hath ki ungli uthate hue choti ungli se ishara kiya (ki anguthi isme thi).

Sahih Al-Bukhari , The Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer, Hadith- 1336.

Ubaid bin Juraijj r.a. farmate hai, Unhone Abu Huraira r.a. se pucha: Isha ki Namaz me kotahi kya hai?

Abu Huraira r.a. ne farmaya, "Tulu e Fajr (tak muakkhar karna)".

Sharah Maani ul Asaar by Imam Tahawi, hadith-882. [scan]

Malum hua ki Isha ka waqt fajr se pahle tak hai. Lekin afzal waqt yahi hai ki isha ki namaz aadhi raat se pahle padh li jaye.

Aadhi raat se murad: Maanle (lets assume), Agar 6 baje magrib ka waqt shuru hua hai (yaani gurub e aftab) aur fajr shuru hogi 5 baje. Toh 6 p.m. se 5 a.m. ke bich 11 ghante hue. Ab 11 ko aadha kare, to hote hai saadhe paanch (5:30). Ab magrib ke waqt se yaani 6 p.m. me saadhe paanch jod de to waqt hua saadhe gyaara yaani 11 baj kar 30 minute [11:30 p.m.]. To Isha ka afzal waqt 11:30 tak rahega. Isi tarha apne ilaake aur mausam ko dhyan me rakh kar ap apne shahar ki aadhi raat ka waqt nikaal sakte hai

Hamare kuch Ulema ka kahna hai ki Isha ki namaz ka akhri waqt aadhi raat tak hai. Ye raaye sahih nahi hai kyuki ye raaye Abu Huraira r.a. ki hadith se takrati hai. Aur ek nukta aur ki kuch log aetraz kar sakte hai ki Sahih Muslim ki hadith me toh aadhi raat ka waqt likha hua hai, lekin usi Sahih Muslim ki hadith me ye bhi likha hua hai ki Asar ka waqt suraj zard hone tak rahta hai Jab ki Bukhari (Hadith no. 531) me likha hua hai ki jisne gurub e aftab se pahle Asar ki ek rakat bhi paali usne Asar paa li. To in dono daleel se ye sabit hua ki Isha ka aakhri waqt fajr ka waqt shuru hone se pahle tak rahta hai lekin afzal waqt aadhi raat tak hai.

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