Paani na milne ki soorat me paak mitti ko wuzu ya ghusl ki niyyat karke apne haatho aur muh par malna tayyamum kahlata hai.
Paani ne milne ki kai sooratei’n hai maslan musaafir ko safar me paani na mile. Ya paani ke maqaam tak pho’nche main jaan ka dar ho. Maslan ghar me paani nahi hai baahar karfyu naafiz hai ya paani laane me kisi dushman ya darinde se jaan ka andesha ho to aisi soorat me ham tayyamum karsakte hain qhuwah ye wajah barso’n maujood rahe tayyamum bhi badastoor jaaez rahega.
Abu Zar r.a. se riwayat hai Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: ‘Paak mitti musalmano’n ka wuzu hai agar che das baras paani na paae.’
(Abu Dawood: al Tahaara 332 – Tirmizee: al Tahaara 124) Ise Imaam Tirmizee – Imaam Haakim V1 P176, 177) Imam Ibne Hibban ne Saheeh kaha.
Ummul Momineen Aisha رضياللهعنه se riwayat hai ke ‘Ham Rasool Allah ﷺ ke sath safar par nikle jab baida ya zaat al habash paho’nche to mere gale ka haar tuth kar gir gaya, Rasool Allah ﷺ is ko dhundhne ke liey taher gae, log bhi taher gae wahay’n pani na tha. Abu Bakar رضياللهعنه mere paas aae inho’n ne ghussa kiya aur mujhe bura bhala kaha. Rasool Allah ﷺ meri raan par sar rakh kar sote rahe yaha’n tak ke subah hogai aur paani bilkul na tha tab Allah Ta’ala ne tayyammum ki ayat naazil farmai.’
Asad bin Qhazeer Ansaari رضياللهعنه kehne lage: Aey Abu Bakar رضياللهعنه ke aulaad ye tumhari pehle barkat nahi hai (ya’ani is se pehle bhi tumhari wajah se Allah Ta’ala ne musalmano’n ko faaed diya) Phir ham ne oun’t ko uthaya to haar iske neeche se nikla
(Bukhari: 334 – Muslim 367)
۞ Janaabat ki Haalat mein Tayyammum:
Agar paani na mile ya paani itna kam hoke wuzu na ho sake to tayyammum kiya ja sakta hai.
Sayyadna Imran رضياللهعنه riwayat karte hain ke ham Rasool Allah ﷺ ke saath safar mein the. Aap ne logo’n ko namaz padhai. Jab namaz se faarigh hue to achanak aapki nazar ek Aadmi par padi jo logo’n se alag baitha hua tha aur isne logo’n ke saath namaz nahi padhi thee. Rasool Allah ﷺ ne in se poocha: Aey Falaan! Logo’n ke saath namaz padhne se tujhe kis cheez ne roka? Inho ne kaha mujhe janabat paho’nchee aur paani na mil saka. Aap ne farmaya: ‘Tum par mitti (se tayyammum karna) laazim hai. Pas wo tere liey kaafi hai.’
(Bukhari: al Tayammum 344 – Muslim: al Masaajid 682)
۞ Agar Koi Zaqhmi Ya Mareez Ho Aur Paani Ke Istemaal Se Marz Ke Badhne Ka Khatrah Ho:
Sayyadna Ibne Abbas رضياللهعنه farmate hain ke sardi ka mausam tha, ek aadmi ko ghusl janabat ki zaroorat pesh aai. Inhone is baar main dariyaft kiya to inko ghusl karne ko kaha gaya. Isne ghusl kiya jis se iski maut waqe hogai. Jab is waqye ka zikar Rasool Allah ﷺ se kiya gaya to Aapne Farmaya: ‘In logo’n ne ise maar dala. Allah inko mare beshak Allah ta’ala ne mitti ko paak karne wala banaya hai. (wo Tayammum karleta).’
(Ibn e Qhuzaima V1 P138, 273 – Ibne Hibban 2001) Ise Imam Haakim V1 P165 aur Imam Haafiz Zahabi ne Saheeh kaha.
Agar kisi kamzor ya beemari aadmi ko ehtelaam hojae aur shadeed sardi ho ya paani bahot thanda ho aur ghusl karna iske liey halaakat ya beemari ka maujab hoto is tayyammum karke namaz padh leni chahiye.
Mohtalim (T: Person who observed nightfall), Haaeza aur Nifaas se faarigh hone waali auratei’n bhi waqt e zarurat tayammum karke namaz padh sakti hain. Is liey ke tayammum uzar ki haalit mein wuzu aur ghusl dono’n ka qaaem maqaam hai.
۞ Tayammum Ka Tareeqa:
Tayammum ki niyat karte hue Bismillah kah kar apne dono haath ek baar zameen par maare (rakhhe), phir daaye hatheli ka ooper waala hissa baaye hatheli par phere aur baayen hatheli ka oopar wala hissa daayen hatheli par phere, phir apne dono haath chehre par phere.
Iske baad wuzu ke baad padhi jaane waali dua padhein.
[The way in which tayammum is done is to say bismillaah with the intention of doing tayammum, then strike the ground once with the palms of the hands, then wipe the back of the right hand with the palm of the left, and the back of the left hand with the palm of the right, then wipe the face with both hands. Then the same du’aa’s that are recited after wudoo’ should be recited after tayammum.]
[The way in which tayammum is done is to say bismillaah with the intention of doing tayammum, then strike the ground once with the palms of the hands, then wipe the back of the right hand with the palm of the left, and the back of the left hand with the palm of the right, then wipe the face with both hands. Then the same du’aa’s that are recited after wudoo’ should be recited after tayammum.]
[تيمم كى نيت كرتے ہوئے بسم اللہ كہہ كر اپنے دونوں ہاتھ ايك بار زمين پر مارے، پھر دائيں ہتھيلى كا ظاہرى حصہ بائيں ہتھيلى پر پھيرے اور بائيں ہتھيلى كا اوپر والا حصہ دائيں ہتھيلى پر، پھر اپنے دونوں ہاتھ چہرے پر پھيرے.
اور تيمم كے بعد وضوء والى دعائيں ہى پڑھے.]
Is tareeke ki tafseel aur daleel is tarha hai:
Sayyadna Ammar رضياللهعنه bayan karte hain ke wo safar ki haalat mein junbi hogae aur (paani na milne ki wajah se) qhaak me lote aur namaz padhlee. Phir (Safar se aakar) ye haal Rasool Allah ﷺ ke saamne bayan kiya to Aap ne farmaya: ‘Tumhare liey sirf yehi kaafi tha. (aur) phir Nabi e Akram ne dono’n haath zameen par mare aur in par pho’nk maari phir inke saath apne mun’h aur dono’n hatho’n par masah kiya.’
(Bukhari: al Tayammum338 – Muslim: al Haiz 368)
Rasool Allah ﷺ ne Ammar رضياللهعنه se kaha ke ‘Ulte haath se seedhe haath par aur seedhe haath se ulte haath par masah karo phir dono’n hatho’n se chehre ka masah karo.’
(Abu Dawood: al Tahaara 321)
‐ Quran e Majeed ke hukam: Fatayammamu Saeedan Tayyaban (Surah An Nisa 4/43) ki roo se tayammum, paak mitti se karna chaahiey.
‐ Tayyammum jaise mitti se jaaez hai isi tarha shor waali zameen aur ret se bhi jaaez hai.
‐ Ek Tayammum se (wuzu ki tarha) kai namazei’n padh sakte hain, kyou’nke tayammum wuzu ak qaaem maqaam (T: Equivalent) hai. Jin cheezo’n se wuzu toothta hai inhei’n cheezo’n se tayammum bhi tuth jaata hai. Agar namaz padh lene ke ba’ad paani ki maujoodgi ka ilm hojaae to ise ba wazoo hokar namaz dohrane ya na dohrane ka iqhteyaar hai. Taaham agar dohrale to behtar hai.
Abu Saeed r.a. se riwayat hai ke do admiyo’n ne tayammum kiya aur namaz padhli phir inhei’n paani mil gaya aur abhi namaz ka waqt baaqi tha, pas inme se ek ne wuzu kiya aur namaz lautaai aur doosre ne namaz na lautaai, phir inho’n ne Rasool Allah ﷺ se poocha pas aap ne is shaqs se kaha jis ne namaz nahi lautaai thee ke ‘tum ne sunnat par amal kiya aur tumhari (tayammum wali) namaz tumhare liey kaafi hai aur doosre shaqs se kaha jis ne namaz lautaai thee ke tere liye zyada ajar hai.’
(Nasai V1 P213, al Ghusl 433) Imam Haakim aur Imam Haafiz Zahabi ne bukhari aur muslim ki shart par saheeh kaha.
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